Key Rating Drivers & Detailed Description
Strengths:
* Expectation of strong support from promoters and promoter group companies
The promoters, Mr Nirmal Jain and Mr R Venkataraman are first-generation entrepreneurs and veterans in the capital market business. Their experience has helped the IIFL group diversify its operations across lending, securities and wealth management. The promoters and promoters group held 29.97% stake in 5paisa as on June 30, 2021 and remain committed to future growth. They have participated in the capital raising activities of the company, including the recent fund raise of Rs 250 crore announced in April 2021. The promoters continue to provide strategic oversight on an ongoing basis. Further, 5paisa benefits from the linkages with other promoter-owned entities – IIFL Finance, IIFL Securities Ltd (IIFL Securities; rated CRISIL A1+) and IIFL Wealth Management Ltd (CRISIL PP-MLD AAAr/Stable/CRISIL A1+), which have provided funding support mainly via inter-corporate deposits (ICD). As of June 2021, the company has a board approved ICD line of Rs 600 crore together from IIFL Group Companies.
* Improving market share in the equity broking segment
5paisa has emerged has one of the top 10 brokers in India, though it started operations only in fiscal 2017. The company mainly offers products and services through an online platform and mobile application. Backed by its low-cost pricing strategy, the company could onboard more than 8 lakh customers in fiscal 2021, out of the total client base of 13.46 lakh. 5paisa has become the sixth largest broker in terms of active clients. As of June 2021, the company had 10.02 lakh active customers on the National Stock Exchange (NSE), a sharp jump from 4.34 lakh active customers in March 2020 and 1.06 lakh in March 2019. Active market client share rose to 4.47% as of June 2021 from 4.02% in March 2020 and 1.21% in March 2019. In terms of overall turnover, the market share (as per CRISIL’s calculation[[1]]) in the cash segment stands at ~2.7% in fiscal 2021, and market share in F&O segment stands at ~1.4% in fiscal 2021.
* Healthy capitalisation
Regular fund infusions have helped capitalisation improve significantly over the past few years. The company raised more than Rs 100 crore in fiscal 2020, and announced a further raise of Rs 250 crore via preferential issue in April 2021, of which Rs 205 crore has already been infused and the balance is expected to be infused in current fiscal. Reported networth and gearing stood at Rs 156.08 crore and 1.5 times, respectively, as on March 31, 2021 (Rs 138.24 crore and 1.6 times, respectively, as on March 31, 2020). Post the recent capital infusion, networth and gearing has improved and stood at Rs 365.7 crore and 0.74 time, respectively, as on June 30, 2021. The company plans to utilise the funds raised to grow its margin trading facility (MTF) book, invest in technology and acquisition of customers over the medium term. While borrowings will also increase with growth in portfolio, overall gearing should be moderate at 1-1.5 times on a steady-state basis.
Networth remains comfortable for the current and proposed scale of operations and will continue to lend stability to operations, even amid volatile phases in the capital market.
Weaknesses
* Exposure to intense competition and uncertainties inherent in capital-market-related businesses, including regulatory changes
As businesses are restricted within the capital market, 5paisa faces intense competition from multiple players offering low-cost products. The industry has seen a huge transformation in the last three years, with the entry of technology-based discount brokers, who are dominating the market share. The proposed entry of players with deeper pockets may intensify pricing pressure across the industry.
The key broking business remains exposed to economic, political and social factors that drive investor sentiment. Given the cyclicality associated with the capital market, brokerage volume and earnings are highly dependent on the level of trading activity. Specifically since March 2020, the stock markets have seen high retail participation. Upward movement of the key benchmark indices during this period, has also contributed to the lure of stock market trading and potential gains. Nevertheless, sustainability of market momentum remains a key monitorable.
Further, over the last couple of years, the broking industry has witnessed continuous changes in regulations. In order to enhance transparency and curb misuse of funds, SEBI has introduced few regulations in the last one year. These include upfront margin collection for intraday positions and restricting use of the power of attorney. Changes pertaining to margin collection and pledging practices also became effective from September 1, 2020. The newer margin collection practices will change the vintage business model of various small to mid-sized broking companies that relied on relationships, by offering differential leverage and margin payment avenues to clients. This may also lead to a decline in overall competitiveness towards larger digital and bank-based brokers.
Regulations of upfront margin collections for intraday trading are likely to reduce leverage to 4-5 times from 10-15 times prevalent across the industry. This reduction in leverage will also affect the level of positions (in terms of volume) taken by retail investors. Impact of this change on performance of 5paisa will be a monitorable.
Furthermore, as per new regulations, shares owned by investors can be lien marked with the respective broker instead of having to follow the current practice of transferring it to the broker’s pool account. CRISIL Ratings understands that most top brokers (including 5paisa) have already streamlined their systems in accordance with the new norms. However, small and mid-sized brokers could be more impacted, as they do not have advanced IT infrastructure and risk management systems. Though such revised regulations may impact the performance in the near term, the industry will benefit from increased transparency and the de-risk broking platform for retail customers in the longer run.
* Moderate, albeit improving, earnings profile
5paisa reported a profit after tax (PAT) of Rs 14.69 crore on a total income of Rs 194.58 crore in fiscal 2021, after reporting losses in the previous years. Though operating expenses were higher in fiscal 2021, improvement in revenue led by overall market turnover, supported a 70% growth in broking & related income. The company reported profit of Rs 7.2 crore during the quarter ended June 30, 2021.
On the operating expenses front, as operations commenced in 2016, the company has made significant investments in technology infrastructure and relevant personnel hired across verticals. As it is still in the growth phase, operating expenses may remain high and stabilise gradually. Nevertheless, the scale up of operations should improve the operating leverage and overall profitability, and the cost-to-income ratio should reduce from ~90% levels currently.
While the company is diversifying across segments like P2P lending, cross sell etc., majority of these may take time to become significant contributors to profitability and broking revenue will be key to overall earnings.
Ability to manage cost and improve earnings profile across market cycles will be a key monitorable.